In general, building-code requirements are the minimum needed for public protection. Design of a building must satisfy these requirements. Often, however, architects and engineers must design more conservatively, to meet the clients needs, produce a more efficient building system, or take into account conditions not covered fully by code provisions. Construction drawings for a building should be submitted to the building-code administrator before construction starts. If the building will meet code requirements, the administrator issues a building permit, on receipt of which the contractor may commence building. During construction, the administrator sends inspectors periodically to inspect the work. If they discover a violation, they may issue an order to remove it or they may halt construction, depending on the seriousness of the violation. On completion of construction, if the work conforms to code requirements, the administrator issues to the owner a certificate of occupancy. Forms of Codes. Codes often are classified as specifications type or performance type. A specification-type code names specific materials for specific uses and specifies minimum or maximum dimensions, for example, a brick wall may not be less than 6 in thick. A performance-type code, in contrast, specifies required performance of a construction but leaves materials, methods, and dimensions for the designers to choose. Performance-type codes are generally preferred, because they give designers greater design freedom in meeting clients needs, while satisfying the intent of the code. Most codes, however, are neither strictly specifications nor performance type but rather a mixture of the two. The reason for this is that insufficient information is currently available for preparation of an entire enforceable

2. Increases resistance to corrosion 3. Improves machinability in free-cutting steels Silicon (Si) 2%  (9% with 18.5% (not much changed by carbon) Hardens with loss in plasticity (Mn  Si  P) Increases hardenability moderately Negative (graphitizes) Sustains hardness by solid solution 1. Used as generalpurpose deoxidizer 2. Alloying element for electrical and magnetic sheet 3. Improves oxidation resistance 4. Increases hardenability of steel carrying nongraphitizing elements 5. Strengthens lowalloy steels Titanium (Ti) 0.75% (1%  with 6%  (less with lowered temp) Provides agehardening system in high Ti-Fe alloys Probably increases hardenability very strongly as dissolved. The carbide effects reduce hardenability Greatest known (2% Ti renders 0.50% carbon steel unhardenable) Persistent carbides probably unaffected. Some secondary hardening 1. Fixes carbon in inert particles a. Reduces martensitic hardness and hardenability in

Horsepower Ampere rating Branch-circuit protection* Maximum size fuse permitted by the code Time-delaycartridge or low-peak fuse that can be used Motor-running protection Size of time-delay-cartridge or low-peak fuse Ordinary service Heavy service Maximum size motor All other motors Size of fused switch or fuse holder Maximum size switch that can be used Size that can be used with time-delaycartridge or lowpeakfuses Minimum size of starter: size Minimum size and type of wire: or Minimum size of conduit: diameter, in 2 24.0 80 40 25 30 30 30 100 60 1 l0 R 3/4 * These do not give motor-running protection. On normal installations these also give branch-circuit protection. TABLE 15.2 Protection of Single-Phase Motors and Size of motor Horsepower Ampere rating Branch-circuit protection* Maximum size fuse permitted by the code Time-delaycartridge or low-peak fuse that can be used Motor-running protection Size of time-delay-cartridge