Important to remember that the proportions of the mortar must stay the same if you are looking for consistency in strength and colour when dry; how much you mix is of course determined by the size of the project and only practice will help here. You can of course use a cement mixer with the same proportions. In this case add the mixture in dry form first then slowly add the water being careful that the cement is mixed thoroughly. Remember before you go down this route you will be mixing large amounts of mortar. Remember also that mixers must be clean thoroughly after use. I want you to think solely for a moment as a consumer. When you check out an item for sale or consider an expensive piece of clothing or take a new PC for a test drive, you are guided to some extent by the visual appearance. If the finish is poor, you form an opinion quickly as to the quality of the item and the same applies to a finished piece of brickwork. Brick walling will appear to be of poor quality if it is not straight, up right or even out of line and poor workmanship has to be the main reason for making a judgment. Brickwork then has a set of guidelines on which quality can be measured. For your brickwork project to pass the quality test it needs to be: Upright or vertical Level or horizontal over the full length of the walling Be in line across the diagonals i.e. from corner to corner These elements are achieved by paying attention to Plumbing, Levelling and Gauging, so lets look at each in turn.

Wall Frog Stretcher face Arris Header 65mm face 215mm 102.5mm Dimensions and parts of a brick the minimum joint size should be 7mm. You will learn more about these and BS testing at Level 2. Its good practice to set out a wall dry before laying the bricks in mortar, especially if the wall has to be built to specific linear dimensions. (Note: Setting out wall dimensions is different to setting out a building. Setting out a complete building is done before excavation of the foundation trenches can take place.) Setting out the first course dry means we can check whether the joint sizes will be suitable and either tighten or open up the perp joints so that the wall will fit within the specified dimensions. This is often referred to as setting out the bond. Stretcher Face The long face of a brick when laid Frog The indentation of a brick Arris Any straight sharp edge of a brick formed by the junction of two faces Header Face The end face of a brick

Temp,
F State City Temp, Ala. Birmingham 10 Miss. Vicksburg 10 Ariz. Flagstaff
10 Mo. St. Louis 0 Ariz. Phoenix 25 Mont. Helena
20 Ark. Little Rock 5 Nebr. Lincoln
10 Calif. Los Angeles 35 Nev. Reno
5 Calif. San Francisco 35 N.H. Concord
15 Colo. Denver
10 N.J. Trenton 0 Conn. Hartford 0 N. Mex. Albuquerque 0 D.C. Washington 0 N.Y. New York 0 Fla. Jacksonville 25 N.C. Greensboro 10 Fla. Miami 35 N. Dak. Bismarck
30 Ga. Atlanta 10 Ohio Cincinnati 0 Idaho Boise
10 Okla. Tulsa 0 Ill. Chicago
10 Ore. Portland 10 Ind. Indianapolis
10 Pa. Philadelphia 0 Iowa Des Moines
15 R.I. Providence 0 Kans. Topeka
10 S.C. Charleston 15 Ky. Louisville 0 S. Dak. Rapid City
20 La. New Orleans 20 Tenn. Nashville 0 Maine Portland
5 Tex. Dallas 0 Md. Baltimore 0 Tex. Houston 20 Mass. Boston 0 Utah Salt Lake City
10 Mich. Detroit
10 Vt. Burlington
10 Minn. Minneapolis
20 Va. Richmond 15 Accordingly, design outdoor conditions should be selected in accordance with the manner in which the building will be used and, just as important, to obtain reasonable initial cost and low operational costs. Outdoor design conditions for a few cities are shown in Tables 13.4 and 13.5. Much more detailed data are presented in the ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals. The use of outdoor design conditions does not yield accurate estimates of fuel requirements or operating costs, because of the considerable variations of outdoor air temperature seasonally, monthly, daily, and even hourly. These wide variations must be taken into account in attempts to forecast the operating costs of a heating