Flemish bond English bond The bonding arrangement in Stretcher bond is quite straightforward, but a bricklayer needs to understand how all of these different kinds of bond are laid out, in order to set out walls effectively. An old saying states Bricklayer cant bond Bricklayer cant build, so we need to examine bonding in more detail. Well concentrate on one-brick walling or Quarter bond for a moment. Take note of the width of a brick: 102.5mm. Why bother with 0.5 (half) of a millimetre? Its important because bricks are designed to be assembled together in modular patterns. In a modular arrangement, two header faces with a 10mm joint between them will add up exactly to the length of the stretcher face of a brick (102.5 + 10 + 102.5 = 215m). This is useful when we want to create the first course of the end of a wall in one-brick walling. However, when we want to set out a corner, we will find it difficult to achieve the correct bonding arrangement without adding a specially cut component to maintain Quarter bond. This component is called a

Lime pitting is observed when the lime particles are present just below or on the surface of the brick. The volume expansion of the lime particle, resulting from the presence of moisture, can cause it to pop out of the brick or break the brick surface, generating a defect. An example of a large lime pit is shown in the figure below: Figure 5 Lime piting appearing on the face of the brick Lime pitting is defined in AS/NZS 4456.0 and the degree of lime pitting can be determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4456.13. Lime pitting is classified by the number and size of lime pits on the face or ends of the brick, as described below. Table 5 Lime Pitting Classifications Nil No Visible lime pits Slight Not more than 5 lime pits, none exceeding 8mm in diameter Moderate No pits exceeding 10mm diameter Severe Pit or pits in excess of 10mm diameter Brick Properties Brick Technical Manual 12 1.8 Solar Absorptance & Reflectance In the design of energy efficient buildings, it is important to be able to calculate the heat loss or gain of materials used to construct these buildings. To do so, the solar absorptances of all products were found in order to obtain a measure of the solar energy efficiency of each product.

Framed walls consist of slender, vertical, closely spaced structural members, tied together with horizontal members at top and bottom, and interior and exterior facings. Thermal insulation may be placed between the components. Figure 1.5b shows a wood-framed exterior wall. Combination walls are constructed of several different materials. Metal, brick, concrete, or clay tile may be used as the exterior facing because of strength, durability, and water and fire resistance. These materials, however, are relatively expensive. Consequently, the exterior facing is made thin and backed up with a less expensive material. For example, brick may be used as an exterior facing with wood framing or concrete block as the backup. Exterior walls may be classified as curtain walls or bearing walls. Curtain walls serve primarily as an enclosure. Supported by the structural system, such walls need to be strong enough to carry only their own weight and wind pressure on the exterior face. Bearing walls, in contrast, serve not only as an enclosure but also to transmit to the foundation loads from other building components, such as beams, floors, roofs, and other walls (Fig. 1.5a and b). (See also Sec. 11.) Openings are provided in exterior walls for a variety of purposes, but mainly for windows and doors. Where openings occur, structural support must be provided over them to carry the weight of the wall above and any other loads on that portion of the wall. Usually, a beam called a lintel is placed over openings in masonry walls (Fig. 1.5a) and a beam called a top header is set over openings in woodframed